What is Coaxial cable? types of coaxial cable?

Coaxial Cable

A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference.
Coaxial cabling is the primary type of cabling used by the cable television industry and is also widely used for computer networks, such as Ethernet. Although more expensive than standard telephone wire, it is much less susceptible to interference and can carry much more data.

What isTwisted-pair cable? What is STP & UTP? Difference between UTP & STP?

Twisted-pair cable

Twisted-pair cable is the most common type of cabling you can see in today's Local Area Networks (LAN) networks.  A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. The pairs are twisted to provide protection against Crosstalk. It is the undesired signal noise generated by the Electro-Magnetic fields of the adjacent wires. When a wire is carrying a current, the current creates a magnetic  field around the wire.  This field can interfere with signals on nearby wires.  To eliminate this, pairs of wires carry signals in opposite directions, so that the two magnetic fields also occur in opposite directions and cancel each other out. This process is known as cancellation.

Two Types of Twisted Pairs are Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) and Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP).

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) consists of four pairs of thin, copper wires covered in color-coded plastic insulation that are twisted together. The wire pairs are then covered with a plastic outer jacket.

UTP cables are of small diameter and it doesn’t need grounding. Since there is no shielding for UTP cabling, it relies only on the cancellation to avoid noise. 

Colors used for Twisted Pair wires are Orange, Orange-White, Blue, Blue-White, Green, Green-White, Brown and Brown-White. 

What is Wired or Guided Media or Bound Transmission Media.

Wired or Guided Media or Bound Transmission Media:

Bound transmission media are the links that are substantial or have physical presence and are restricted by the physical geography. Mainstream bound transmission media being used are

1. Turned(twisted) pair link, 
2. Co-axial link and 
3. Fiber optical link. 

Each of them has its own particular qualities like transmission rate, impact of clamor, physical appearance, cost and so forth.

What is Remote or Unguided Media or Unbound Transmission Media.

Remote or Unguided Media or Unbound Transmission Media:

Unbound transmission media are the methods for transmitting information without utilizing any links. These media are not limited by physical geography. This kind of transmission is called Wireless communication. These days remote(wireless) communication is become populer. Remote LANs are being introduced in office and school grounds. This transmission utilizes Microwave, Radio wave, Infra red are some of prominent unbound transmission media.

The data transmission capabilities of various Medias vary differently depending upon the various factors. These factors are:

1. Bandwidth. 

It refers to the data transferring capacity of a channel or link. maximum bandwidth communication links support maximum data rates.

2. Radiation. 

It refers to the outflow of signal from the channel due to unwanted electrical appearance of the channel.

3. Noise Absorption. 

It refers to the susceptibility of the media to external electrical noise that can cause distortion of data signal.

4. Attenuation. 

It refers to loss of energy as signal propagates outwards. The amount of energy lost depends on frequency. Radiations and physical characteristics of media contribute to attenuation.

What is Transmission Media? types of Transmission Media.

Transmission Media

The transmission media of a computer network describes the material substances that carry energy waves, which include the data being transferred.

The two main categories are wired, or guided, which uses physical cables, and wireless, or unguided, which uses electromagnetic waves that can travel through a medium, such as air.

Wireless signals do not require a physical medium, such as cables.

Transmission media is broadly classified into two groups.

1. Wired or Guided Media or Bound Transmission Media.

2. Remote or Unguided Media or Unbound Transmission Media.

Who Owns the Internet?

Who Owns the Internet?

No one actually owns the Internet, and no single person or organization 

controls the Internet in its entirety.

There are many organizations, corporations, governments, schools, private 

citizens and service providers that all own pieces of the infrastructure, 

but there is no one body that owns it all.

There are, however, organizations that oversee and standardize what happens 

on the Internet and assign IP addresses and domain names, such as the National 

Science Foundation, the Internet Engineering Task Force, ICANN,  InterNIC  and 

the Internet Architecture Board.

what is network interface card (NIC)? why it use?

NIC network interface card 

Short for Network Interface Card, the NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter.
(NIC) is a circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. 

A network interface card provides the PC with a committed, full-time association with a network. PCs and workstations on a Local area network (LAN) ordinarily contain a network interface card particularly intended for the LAN transmission technology.

What is RH-11 Connectors and Ports? and where it use?

RH-11 Connectors and Ports?
More commonly known as a modem port, phone connector, phone jack or phone line, the Registered Jack-11 (RJ-11) is a four or six wire connection for telephone and Modem connectors in the US.

Although this cable can be used to connect your modem to the Internet it should not be confused with the RJ-45 connector, which is used with your network card.

What is RJ-45 Connectors and Ports? & how is works?

RJ -45 Connectors  & Ports

Short for Registered Jack-45, a RJ-45 is associate 8-pin affiliation used for local area network network adapters. This connective resembles the RJ-11 or 6-pin connective used with telephones within the us,however they are utterly totally different

This connector is most normally associated with the end of Cat5 link, which is associated between a PC system's network card and a network device, for example, a system switch.

The RJ45 style connectors and ports are likewise ordinarily found on Ethernet, serial and ATM IMA cards and interfaces. The most well-known use by a long shot is with Ethernet information associations from desktop PC system networks cards, Wi-Fi access focuses, information switches and switches in home and corporate systems.

What is switch? unmanageable & manageable switch. how its works?

What is switch? unmanageable & manageable switch. how its works?


Definition: A system switch is a little equipment hardware device that concentrates correspondences among various associated device inside one local area network (LAN).

a switch is a device that incoming input data from any of different input points to the particulate output point that will take the data toward its intended destination.

What is a Network Switch: Unmanaged Switches? 

An unmanaged switch works right out of the container. It's not intended to be designed, so you don't need to stress over introducing or setting it up effectively. Unmanaged switches have less system limit than oversaw switches. You'll more often than not discover unmanaged switches in home systems administration hardware. 

What is a Network Switch: Managed Switches?


An oversaw system switch is configurable, offering more prominent adaptability and limit than an unmanaged switch. You can screen and conform an oversaw switch locally or remotely, to give you more noteworthy system control.

What is HTTP? How it works?

HTTP is short for HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the fundamental convention utilized by the World Wide Web and this convention characterizes how messages are designed and transmitted, and what activities Web servers and browsers ought to take because of different summons. 

For example, when you enter a URL in your program, this really sends a HTTP order to the Web server guiding it to get and transmit the asked for Web page. The other fundamental standard that controls how the World Wide Web functions is HTML, which covers how Web pages are designed and showed.

HTTP is a Stateless Protocol 

HTTP is known as a stateless convention in light of the fact that every summon is executed freely, with no learning of the orders that preceded it. This is the principle reason that it is hard to execute Web destinations that respond insightfully to client info.

what is WWW? and how it woks?

WWW ?

The term World Wide Web (WWW) refers to the gathering of public Web locales associated with the Internet around the world, together with the Client PC, for example, PCs and PDAs that get to its substance. For a long time it has ended up referred to just as "the Web."

The Web, or World Wide Web, is essentially an arrangement of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents.. The records are arranged in a markup Language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that Supports connections to different documents, and in addition illustrations, sound, and video documents.

This implies you can hop starting with one record then onto the next essentially by tapping on problem areas. Not all Internet servers are a piece of the World Wide Web.

What is ULR ? Complete Definition of URl. How many part of URl?

URL

Definition: 
URL is the shortening of Uniform Resource Locator. URL is the worldwide location of archives and different assets on the World Wide Web. and is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet.

The first part of the URL is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located. The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.

A URL has two main components:

• Protocol identifier: For the URL http://example.com, the protocol identifier is http.
• Resource name: For the URL http://example.com, the resource name is example.com.

Host Name

The name of the machine on which the resource lives.

Filename

The pathname to the file on the machine.

Port Number

The port number to which to connect (typically optional).

Reference

A reference to a named anchor within a resource that usually identifies a specific location within a file (typically optional).

Router:
A router is a network device  that forwards data packets between PC systems. Router play out the activity coordinating capacities on the Internet. An information bundle is ordinarily sent starting with one switch then onto the next through the systems that constitute the internetwork until it achieves its destination node.

Hub vs Switch. how it works? comparison between Hub and Switch

A Hub is a network device that permits one to associate different PCs to a netwokr. Center points might be founded on Ethernet, Firewire, or USB associations.

 A Switch is a control unit that turns the stream of power on or off in a circuit. It might likewise be utilized to course data designs in spilling electronic information sent over systems. With regards to a system, a switch is a PC organizing gadget that interfaces system sections.

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What is Hub? & its type.

Center point is one of the essential symbols of systems administration gadgets which works at physical layer and thus interface organizing gadgets physically together. Centers are on a very basic level utilized as a part of systems that utilization turned pair cabling to interface gadgets. They are intended to transmit the bundles to the next attached gadgets without changing any of the transmitted parcels got. They go about as pathways to guide electrical signs to go along. They transmit the data paying little mind to the truth if information parcel is bound for the gadget associated or not.

Center falls in two classifications:

Active Hub: They are more quick witted than the aloof centers. They not just give the way to the information signals infact they recover, think and fortify the signs before sending them to their destinations. Dynamic centers are likewise termed as 'repeaters'.

Passive Hub: They are more similar to point contact for the wires to worked in the physical system. They don't have anything to do with altering the signs.

How a bit works

In the event that you have utilized a PC for over five minutes, then you have heard the words bits and bytes. Both RAM and hard Disk limits are measured in bytes, as are document sizes when you inspect them in a record viewer. 

You may hear a promotion that says, "This PC has a 32-bit Pentium processor with 64 megabytes of RAM and 2.1 gigabytes of hard Disk space.

Definition of Bit

Short for twofold(Binary) digit, the littlest unit of data on a machine. The term was initially utilized as a part of 1946 by John Tukey, a main analyst and guide to five presidents. A solitary piece can hold stand out of two qualities: 0 or 1. More important data is acquired by joining continuous bits into bigger units. For instance, a byte is made out of 8 sequential bits. 

PCs are once in a while arranged by the quantity of bits they can prepare at one time or by the quantity of bits they use to speak to addresses. These two qualities are not generally the same, which prompts disarray. For instance, characterizing a PC as a 32-bit machine may imply that its information registers are 32 bits wide or that it utilizes 32 bits to recognize every location in memory. Though bigger registers make a PC speedier, utilizing more bits for locations empowers a machine to bolster bigger projects. 

Illustrations are likewise regularly portrayed by the quantity of bits used to speak to every spot. A 1-bit picture is monochrome; a 8-bit picture underpins 256 hues or grayscales; and a 24-or 32-bit realistic backings genuine nature.